Which government agency regulates the use of radioactive materials in the United States?

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is the correct choice because it is the primary federal agency responsible for overseeing the use of radioactive materials in the United States. The NRC's main role includes regulating commercial nuclear power plants and other uses of nuclear materials, ensuring that they are managed safely and securely to protect public health and the environment.

The NRC sets strict guidelines and regulations for the licensing and operation of facilities that use radioactive materials, including those involved in medical applications, research, and industrial use. Its regulations ensure that safety measures are implemented correctly to minimize exposure to radiation for workers and the public.

While the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also plays a role in regulating aspects of radioactive materials, particularly in areas related to environmental protection and cleanup, it does not directly oversee the use of all radioactive materials as the NRC does. The Department of Energy (DOE) primarily focuses on energy production related to nuclear materials and the management of nuclear waste, but it does not regulate their use in the same manner as the NRC. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is concerned with occupational safety and health standards, including those related to radiation exposure, but again, it does not have regulatory authority over radioactive materials like the NRC does.